highly significantp <.001
Mean (± 1 SD) COWS score in the active NET group decreased from baseline (18.1 ± 4.4) to 1-hr (7.0 ± 4.1); this 61.3% decrease was highly significant, t = 15.46, p <.001, Cohen’s d = 2.14, exceeding the pre-specified 15% criterion.