Risk messaging style and its effect on public preparedness for earthquakes: longitudinal intervention-based study.

J Public Health Policy · 2025 · PMC11893448 · PMID 39623151

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0400

closest p · 0.8× alpha

0.0410

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significancep = 0.04actually significant

Borderline significance ( p = 0.04) was observed in the three-way interaction (time-intervention-gender).

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marginally statistically significantp = 0.041actually significant

Nevertheless, the change between the first and third time point was marginally statistically significant ( t = 2.06, df = 197, p = 0.041).

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borderline significantno p-value reported

The study findings indicate a borderline significant interaction effect when considering risk communication style and the respondent’s gender.

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marginal significanceno p-value reported

Additionally, given that the empowerment video features a female, mother protagonist, it is possible that it resonates more with a female audience, thus highlighting the marginal significance of the gender interaction.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.