highly significantp < 0.0005
Across all species, mean environmental preferences also appear to change significantly between time bins along both NMDS coordinates ( Figure 4g ), with ANOVA results showing highly significant (p < 0.0005) Mann–Whitney pairwise differences in both NMDS values among all time bins with the exception the Wasatchian 0 and 1/2 time bins, which could be differentiated along NMDS coordinate 1, but not along NMDS coordinate 2 ( p = 0.6636); these trends appear the same when means for each time bin are calculated only from taxa whose first occurrences fall within that time bin ( Figure 4i – j ).