REM sleep quality is associated with balanced tonic activity of the locus coeruleus during wakefulness.

In both analyses, we did not detect significant effects of the other covariates except for main effect of sex: a statistical trend in the perceptual rivalry task (t = −1.91; p = 0.062; Table 2 ) and a significant main effect in the salience detection task (t = −2.83; p = 0.007; Table 3 ), resulting from men presented less sigma power compared to women (Suppl.

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a significant main effect of high-tonic LC activity (F (1,41) = 9.52, p = 0.0036) and a weak trend for interaction between low-tonic LC activity and age: F (1,41) = 2.72, p = 0.1), supporting that they explain different parts of the variance in REM theta energy (using squared values of LC activity estimates of each task separately or together estimates did not yield significant outputs—not shown).

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