Study on the mechanical mechanism and control optimization of station subsurface excavation by pile-beam-arch method.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC11906899 · PMID 40082524

Europe PMC DOI

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

10 that the axial force of the middle column shows an increasing trend with the construction step.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

As the distance between the faces of the two pilot tunnels increases, there is a decreasing trend in the maximum vertical displacement of the stratum.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.