Barely Significant
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The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, stimulant, khat, and cannabis use among school-going students in African and Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Osong Public Health Res Perspect · 2025 · PMC11917375 · PMID 39668453

Europe PMCDOI
1
hedged sentence
0.0010
closest p · 0.0× alpha
0.0010
boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendp <0.001actually significant
Notably, alcohol was the only substance that showed an increasing trend in prevalence from before to after 2019, rising from 13.3% (95% CI, 6.2%–26.1%) to 17% (95% CI, 10.2%–27%) ( p <0.001).

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