Comparison of the effect of guided visualization technique and cryotherapy on pain intensity during needle insertion into arterial-venous vessels of hemodialysis undergoing patients: A cross-over clinical trial.

Studies show a significant correlation between mortality, pain severity, and pain recurrence in these patients.[ 2 ] Many advances have now been made in the treatment of pain, and many pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods have been introduced to relieve pain.[ 10 , 11 ] Due to the complications of drugs, such as skin rashes, allergic reactions after long-term use of a medication, economic burden, and adverse effects of chemical drugs, there is an increasing trend in the use of nonpharmacological methods and complementary medicine for pain relief.[ 12 , 13 ] Complementary medicine can be incorporated into nursing care.[ 14 ] Today, nonpharmacological interventions such as cognitive-behavioral methods, mind distraction, muscle relaxation, aromatherapy, skin stimulation, cold therapy, and guided imagery are used for pain relief in hemodialysis patients.[ 15 ] Guided visualization is a psychological and relaxation technique that creates and recreates vivid mental images in the brain by consciously using the power of imagination.

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