Healthcare Sector Dynamics in Turkey (2002-2022): Trends, Breakpoints, and Policy Implications (Privatization in the Hospital Sector).

For the average ratio of the number of hospitals and hospital beds, the public sector exhibited a negative, moderate, and statistically significant trend (τ = −0.400, p = 0.0122), whereas the private sector showed a positive, highly significant trend with excellent strength (τ = 0.809, p = 3.338 × 10 −7 ).

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Starting with the shared breakpoint in 2004, public healthcare utilization exhibited a consistently declining trend, whereas the private sector showed an increasing trend.

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The Z-difference test indicated a significant difference between the sectors (Z-Diff = 3.27, p = 1.07 × 10 −3 ), with a decreasing trend in the public sector and no significant increase in the private sector ( Table 2 ).

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