Comparing self-rated health among exclusive e-cigarette users and traditional cigarette smokers: an analysis of the Health Survey for England 2019.

Intern Emerg Med · 2025 · PMC11950125 · PMID 39546077

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The robustness of the final model is supported by a McFadden’s pseudo R-squared value of 33% and a highly significant model fit (χ2 = 554.94, p < 0.001).

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borderline significantno p-value reported

In Model 4, with the additional adjustment for body mass index, the odds ratio slightly increased again to 1.37 (95% CI: 1.00 – 1.87, p = 0.049), indicating a borderline significant association between exclusive e-cigarette use and good self-rated health.

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