Barely Significant
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Listeria monocytogenes infection in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells with exposure to progesterone and estradiol-17beta.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC11952216 · PMID 40153373

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did not achieve significanceno p-value reported
Within the basal media, the P4 only treatment group had significantly less bacteria compared to the E2 only treated group (p = < 0.0001) and was lower than the E2 plus P4 or no hormones controls, although that difference did not achieve significance.

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