Currently, no studies have investigated the dose-dependent effects or the impact of exposure duration to halogenated anesthetics in clinical settings, although evidence from animal and in vitro research suggests that these factors may be significant. 10 , 50 , 51 , 52 While Beck-Schimmer et al., 35 Lisnyy et al., 33 Nguyen et al., 10 and Koraki et al. 9 performed pharmacological preconditioning for 30 minutes, Rodríguez et al. 19 conducted preconditioning for 20 minutes.
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Comparison of total intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia in patients undergoing liver surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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