an increasing trendP = 0.05
No significant changes were observed in the levels of IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-17 in the 1% OVA/vehicle group compared to those in the saline/vehicle group ( Figures 4A-J ); however, some cytokines (IL-2 and IL-12) showed an increasing trend ( P = 0.05 for IL-2, P = 0.06 for IL-12) ( Figures 4A, F ).