Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across three decades: trends, inequalities, and projections from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2025 · PMC11973060 · PMID 40196348

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing trend was identified if both APC/AAPC and its lower CI exceeded 0, while a decreasing trend was established if both values and the upper CI were below 0.

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