However, compared to wear particles from PEEK and UHMWPE, PEEK-OPTIMA particulates exhibited less cytotoxicity and demonstrated a size-dependent cytokine release with an increasing trend toward smaller particles (10–2 μm). 198 A study on PEEK-on-ceramic cervical artificial discs (subjected to 10 million cycles using a spine simulator) revealed that PEEK endplates were the primary source of wear ranging from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 2.8 ± 0.6 mg/million cycles for low and high number of cycles, respectively.
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Spinal implant wear particles: Generation, characterization, biological impacts, and future considerations.
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