Hardness measurements including indentation and Shore D hardness exhibited an increasing trend with rising filler concentration, with statistically significant differences observed at specific concentration levels ( p < 0.05).
In contrast, while the effect of sample type showed a trend toward significance ( p = 0.086), it did not reach the conventional threshold for statistical significance.
It was observed that, up to a concentration of 1.000 w.% for Samples 1 and 3, the corresponding Young’s modulus of elasticity ( E ) exhibited a decreasing trend ( Figure 1 A), except for the samples containing 0.500 w.% filler concentration.