Tables 3 and 4 show highly significant effects of sex for all dorsal and anal fin traits, and Figure 4 shows the average levels of sexual dimorphism for all traits.
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The correlations between sexual dimorphism in dorsal and caudal fin traits tended to be negative, and one correlation (sexual dimorphism in dorsal and caudal fin ray length, R = −0.48, p = 0.037) was marginally significant but did not remain so after a correction for multiple tests. 2.5 Phylogenetic Signals in Trait Means and Sexual Dimorphism A strong phylogenetic signal across species was present for standard length (i.e., statistically significant values for K and/or lambda, Tables 3 and 4 ).