Global burden of gallbladder and biliary diseases (1990-2021) with healthcare workforce analysis and projections to 2035.

BMC Gastroenterol · 2025 · PMC11994027 · PMID 40221715

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Burden variations across SDI levels, 1990–2021 The burden of gallbladder and biliary tract diseases varied significantly across sociodemographic index (SDI) levels, though generally showing a decreasing trend in age-standardized rates (Figs. 1 and 2 ).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Western Sub-Saharan Africa was notable as the only region showing an increasing trend in DALYs, with rates rising by 5.79% (EAPC: 0.37, 95% UI: 0.29 to 0.44).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.