How do positive and negative emotions influence children's and adolescents' arithmetic performance?

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12005566 · PMID 40244993

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp =.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The deleterious effects of negative emotions were not different between eight-year-olds and 12-year-olds ( β = -294.84; SE = 326.7; z = -.9; p =.37) and were marginally significant between 12-year-olds and 14-year-olds (β = 539.5; SE = 304.5; z = 1.77; p =.08).

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failed to reach significanceno p-value reported

In this age group, effects of negative emotions were smaller after negative than after neutral trials but the Emotion on previous trial x Emotion on current trial interaction failed to reach significance.

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just marginally significantno p-value reported

More specifically, the deleterious effect of positive emotions in 12-years-olds was just marginally significant.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.