Recurrent humid phases in Arabia over the past 8 million years.

Fossil evidence of interconnectivity of mammalian assemblages over the late-Neogene period shows that longitudinal dispersals across the ‘Old World savannah palaeobiome’ were favoured in the late Miocene, but became increasingly latitudinally fragmented from the Pliocene onwards, with an overall trend towards reduced faunal exchange 11 .

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