Barely Significant
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The Impact of Long COVID on Language Proficiency Across Different School Levels in Hong Kong.

Behav Sci (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12023945 · PMID 40282054

Europe PMCDOI
2
hedged sentences
0.0530
closest p · 1.1× alpha
0.0720
boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Post hoc analysis using the Scheffe method revealed that the long COVID group scored significantly lower than the COVID group on speaking and listening ( ps < 0.001), and they also demonstrated poorer reading compared to the COVID group, which was marginally significant ( p = 0.053).

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marginal significancep = 0.072so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Furthermore, the interaction between COVID-19 status and school level showed a marginal significance ( F (4, 1231) = 2.151, p = 0.072, η 2 = 0.007), suggesting that the effect of COVID-19 status on language proficiency may vary by school level.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.