Vaccine refusal and hesitancy in Spain: an online cross-sectional questionnaire.

BMC Prim Care · 2025 · PMC12036127 · PMID 40295962

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

After the positive effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccine coverage, there was a decreasing trend in influenza vaccine coverage in all population groups, while remaining higher than pre-pandemic levels [ 12 ].

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a positive trendno p-value reported

This suggests a positive trend in the uptake of these essential vaccines, possibly due to public health campaigns and increasing public awareness of the benefits of vaccination.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.