Antimicrobial use in pig herds in Ireland: analysis of a national database (2019-2023).

Porcine Health Manag · 2025 · PMC12048958 · PMID 40317066

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

a nonsignificant trendp = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Fitting a spline model suggested that the first linear spline exhibited a significant increasing trend in usage (RR: 1.06 per quarter; p = 0.012), followed by a significant decline from Q4–2020 to Q1–2022 (RR: 0.89 per quarter; p < 0.001), before a nonsignificant trend until Q4–2023 (RR: 1.04; p = 0.054; Fig.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Finally, there was an increasing trend thereafter, with a 4% increase in mean usage per quarter (RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06).

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