Exploring the role of directly coupled alternating electric fields on chondrocyte morphology and redifferentiation capacity with a focus on sex differences.

J Exp Orthop · 2025 · PMC12053005 · PMID 40330809

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a statistical trendno p-value reported

A p ‐value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance, while a p ‐value between 0.05 and 0.1 suggested a statistical trend.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

As shown in Figure 3a , following stimulation with 0.8–1.2 V/m (mean ± SD: 0.14 ± 0.04, p = 0.0915) and 15–20 V/m (mean ± SD: 0.15 ± 0.03, p = 0.0830), the metabolic activity revealed a decreasing trend compared to the control group (mean ± SD: 0.20 ± 0.08).

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