Play it again, but more sadly: Influence of timbre, mode, and musical experience in melody processing.

Mem Cognit · 2025 · PMC12053353 · PMID 39095618

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closest p · 1.8× alpha

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marginally significantp < .09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

We also saw a marginally significant two-way interaction of instrument and musical experience, β = 0.36, z = 5.61, p < .09: planned contrasts revealed that, whereas marimba was rated as significantly happier than viola by both musicians and nonmusicians, the difference in happy/sad ratings between viola and marimba was greater in the case of nonmusicians than musicians, t = 4.450, p < .0001.

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highly significantno p-value reported

One contrast is with past studies that have found mode to be highly significant cue for musicians but not as much for nonmusicians (Centanni et al., 2020 ; Leaver & Halpern, 2004 ).

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