Human-Elephant Conflict in Thailand over the Past Decade (2014-2023): Occurrence, Geographical Distribution, and Temporal Trends.

The wild elephant population has shown an increasing trend, around 48% from 2013 to 2014, rising by approximately 5% each year ( Figure 2 b), particularly in the Northeastern and Southern regions, where the population nearly doubled between 2018 and 2023 ( Figure 3 ).

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