Privacy-Preserving Federated Learning for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: A Bi-Level Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Transfer Learning Optimization Framework.

Sensors (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12074203 · PMID 40363259

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

FedAsync had the second-highest time overhead, showing a decreasing trend in the early rounds and a slight increase in the later rounds.

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