Long Short-Term Memory-Model Predictive Control Speed Prediction-Based Double Deep Q-Network Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicle to Enhanced Fuel Economy.

Sensors (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12074296 · PMID 40363222

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

After multiple simulations comparing control performance, the value of β is set to −160 to ensure that the reward function exhibits an increasing trend during the iterative process.

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