Altruistic or fair? The influence of empathy on third-party punishment: an event-related potential study.

Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci · 2025 · PMC12079038 · PMID 40314107

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0580

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0580

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantP = .058so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Decision times The main effect of fairness was marginally significant, F (1, 30) = 3.90, P = .058, η p 2 = 0.12 (see Fig. 2 ), indicating that participants completed decisions more quickly for fair offers (588.85 ± 139.46 ms) than unfair (609.01 ± 135.79 ms).

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