Burden of oesophageal cancer attributed to alcohol use in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

As societies become more affluent, there is a notable trend towards increased alcohol consumption. 21 Nonetheless, in prosperous societies, this rise in high-risk behaviours appears to be mitigated by changes in other factors, often accompanied by an upsurge in social well-being.

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In this study, the number of deaths and DALYs of EC attributed to alcohol use increased, but there was a decreasing trend observed in the ASMR and ASDR.

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The rates of deaths and DALYs by age group showed an increasing trend from 20–24 years to 70–74 years in both genders, with a subsequent decrease in males, while remaining relatively stable in females ( figure 3 ).

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