trend toward significancep=0.030
The lack of a significant association between malnutrition and sex (p=0.705) or animal contact (p=0.053) suggests that these factors may not directly influence nutritional outcomes in this cohort, although the trend toward significance for animal contact (48.3% exposure) and unprotected water sources (55.8%, p=0.030) points to environmental exposure that warrants further investigation in larger studies.