highly significantp < 0.001
The application of co-variance analysis, with various measures or indices of body composition as covariants, indicates that the highly significant differences observed between women with PCOS vs. controls for plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, and QUICKI (all p < 0.001) were completely abolished (NS) only after adjusting for visceral fat among the various central adiposity indices, as well as after adjusting for the android/gynoid fat ratio ( Table 4 ).