Co-exposure to inhaled tungsten particles and low-dose gamma rays: neurotoxicological outcome in rats.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12106847 · PMID 40419610

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0533

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0533

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significancep = 0.0533so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

At 28 days, the FC microglial density decreased significantly in the co-exposed group compared to tungsten-only ( p = 0.0092) and had borderline significance compared to the controls ( p = 0.0533).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Protein expression of HIF1ɑ increased significantly in the co-exposed group compared to the tungsten-only ( p = 0.0416) and irradiation-only ( p = 0.0045) groups, and showed an increasing trend compared to the control group.

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an interesting trendno p-value reported

A complete overview of our results shows an interesting trend, in which the irradiation-only changes are usually very close to those seen in the co-exposure group, or at least follow the same trend, often significantly differing from control in the same way as the co-exposed group.

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an overall trendno p-value reported

This however is an overall trend, that cannot be generalized to every single observation because they demonstrate a complex behaviour.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.