Additive impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease(CVD) on all-cause and disease-Specific mortality: a longitudinal nationwide population-based study.

BMC Pulm Med · 2025 · PMC12125876 · PMID 40450235

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an increasing trendp -values < 0.0001actually significant

The COPD-/CVD + group also showed an increasing trend, with a HR of 2.06 (95% CI: 1.47, 2.89),(All related p -values < 0.0001).

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