Noninvasive Assessment of Stress and Reproduction in Captive Lions (Panthera leo) Using Fecal Hormone Analysis.

Zoo Biol · 2025 · PMC12131674 · PMID 39963893

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marginal significanceno p-value reported

The Walds χ2 test was utilized to assess the marginal significance of the fixed variables in both final GLMMs and, when statistically significant, Tukey‐adjusted post hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted.

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