Barely Significant
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Dynamic brain-heart-gut coupling during sleep: a continuous physiological signal analysis.

Front Neurosci · 2025 · PMC12146321 · PMID 40491939

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an overall trendno p-value reported
The results demonstrated that: (1) brain-heart-gut coupling exhibited significant variations across sleep stages, with an overall trend of gradual weakening as sleep deepened; (2) for HGC: the HRV-VLF exhibited lower coupling with all the BS-derived power series compared with other HRV bands, and among HRV-LF, HRV-HF and HRV-LFHF showed no significant different coupling with BS-derived power series; (3) for BHC: The EEG-beta and HRV-derived power spectrum coupling exhibited the most consistent sleep-stage-dependent modulation, while EEG-delta demonstrated stronger coupling with HRV during NREM sleep; (4) HGC was generally stronger than BGC.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.