Nonlinear Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Diabetic Foot: A Threshold Effect on Heart Rate Variability.

J Diabetes · 2025 · PMC12150134 · PMID 40492481

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borderline significantno p-value reported

After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, a positive association between vitamin D levels and SDNN, SDANN, LF, and the LF/HF ratio persisted, although the association with HF was only borderline significant.

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