a trend toward significancep = 0.055
Further Cox regression analyses, performed using the TCGA dataset, revealed a significant association between the gene signature and patient outcomes: four out of the five genes were independently associated with survival ( p < 0.05; hazard ratios ranging from 1.48 to 1.54), while MS4A6A showed a trend toward significance ( p = 0.055, HR = 1.4).