Changes in Medical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Reducing Surgical Risk: Investigating Causality Through the Bradford-Hill Criteria.

J Clin Med · 2025 · PMC12156193 · PMID 40507591

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The analysis revealed a decreasing trend in both short- and long-term surgical risk, with a reduction of 25–50% in patients diagnosed with IBD after 2000 compared to those diagnosed in earlier decades.

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