Barely Significant
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Invitation appeals and STEM academic scientists research participation: Findings from six survey experiments.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12173187 · PMID 40526749

Europe PMCDOI
1
hedged sentence
0.1000
closest p · 2.0× alpha
0.1000
boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significancep < 0.1so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
In contrast, the COVID-19 Survey Wave 4 shows the opposite trend: STEM academic scientists receiving emails with no information responded at lower rates than those receiving emails with some information, albeit at a borderline significance level (2.7 percentage points lower, p < 0.1).

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