Surviving the first five years: the economic and healthcare determinants of child mortality in Sri Lanka.

Malnutrition (lnMLN) demonstrates a strong and highly significant positive association with U5MR (β = 3.21, p < 0.01), highlighting it as a persistent and critical determinant of child mortality.

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Although the association is modestly significant, the direction and magnitude are consistent with studies from other LMICs where expanded immunization programs have contributed to reduced mortality [ 30 , 31 ].

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