Association Between Sleep Quality and Self-Efficacy Trajectories Among Pregnant Women: A Parallel Process Latent Growth Curve Model.

Initially, pregnant women exhibited poor sleep quality, which worsened progressively over time, consistent with previous research indicating an increasing trend of poor sleep quality from the first trimester to the third trimester. 58 Another cohort study also supported these findings by demonstrating an upward trajectory of maternal sleep disorders from the second trimester to the postpartum period. 59 However, contrary to our expectations, the initial sleep quality did not significantly predict the rate of change in sleep quality over time.

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