marginal significancep = 0.076
Additionally, students in the non-exposure with pop culture group ( M = 3.53, SD = 0.62, N = 47) reported lower learning satisfaction compared to students in the non-exposure with traditional case group ( M = 3.79, SD = 0.56, N = 21), with this difference representing marginal significance ( F = 3.15, p = 0.076, η 2 = 0.046).