Melatonin Improves Semen Quality by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Endocrine Hormones, and Tryptophan Metabolism of Hu Rams Under Summer Heat Stress and the Non-Reproductive Season.

Antioxidants (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12189995 · PMID 40563265

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0790

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0790

boldest claim

The sentences

a decreasing trendp = 0.079so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Additionally, it induced a decreasing trend for cortisol ( p = 0.079) ( Figure 6 D) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ( p = 0.091) ( Figure 6 A).

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highly significantno p-value reported

The levels of significance were defined as follows: p < 0.05 denotes a significant difference and p < 0.01 represents a highly significant difference.

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