Research on the Hydrodynamic Performance of Manta Rays Using a 2D CFD Model.

Biomimetics (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12190629 · PMID 40558317

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Concurrently, the average lift exhibits a decreasing trend, with a significant reduction occurring between 0.2 and 0.4 wave numbers; this decline becomes more moderate when the wave number exceeds 0.6.

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