Ectopic expression of GDF15 in cancer-associated fibroblasts enhances melanoma immunosuppression via the GFRAL/RET cascade.

J Immunother Cancer · 2025 · PMC12198796 · PMID 40555562

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In particular, the secretion of the IL-10 secreted by melanoma cells showed a decreasing trend under the influence of rhGDF15 or CAFs GDF15+ , while the secretion of IL-10 by melanoma cells increased after the addition of TGF-β antibody.

also in 47,180 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.