Ants engaged in cooperative food transport show anticipatory and nest-oriented clearing of the obstacles surrounding the food: goal-directed behavior emerging from collective cognition.

Our results ( Figure 5b ) show a highly significant correlation (Fisher's exact test: p -value < 1*10 −36 ) between a nearby marking event and the decision to remove the adjacent bead. 3.5 The effect of pheromone marks and recruitment on context sensitivity Since pheromone markings act as triggers for the clearing behavior, we tested whether the marking rates could explain the context sensitivity described above (Methods and Figures 3d – g ).

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