highly significantp < 0.001
The overall change in knowledge regarding causation was highly significant (χ 2 = 139.48, p < 0.001) with a large effect size (V = 0.440), suggesting a substantial improvement in understanding.
The overall change in knowledge regarding causation was highly significant (χ 2 = 139.48, p < 0.001) with a large effect size (V = 0.440), suggesting a substantial improvement in understanding.