an increasing trendp < 0.001
Globally, both prevalence and YLDs rates for CKD-associated HF demonstrated an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021, with the AAPC of 2.21 (95% CI, 2.17–2.25; p < 0.001) for prevalence and 2.20 (95% CI, 2.16–2.24; p < 0.001) for YLDs.