Whole grain and refined grain consumption and the risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Studies on refined grain consumption have been less consistent and have in general shown no clear association 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 23 , however, a Chinese study reported an inverse association between intake of rice and risk of hypertension 23 , and another study reported a borderline significant inverse association with refined grains 17 and two other studies reported non-significant inverse associations 14 , 20 , but may have been underpowered to detect a clear association.

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