An increasing trend in voltage output was observed with either a notably higher surface charge density through an enhancement of the oxygen functional group realized by ozone treatment or a substantially larger ionic hydrated radius with the same valence through the replacement of Ni hydrogel with previously reported Co hydrogel and Zn hydrogel ( Fig. 3A and fig.
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Self-powered green energy-harvesting and sensing interfaces based on hygroscopic gel and water-locking effects.
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